Pigeons and doves are common birds found in cities, parks, and forests. Many people wonder what these birds eat, whether in the wild or as pets. Their diet mainly consists of seeds, grains, fruits, and vegetables, but there are certain foods they should avoid. If you’re caring for a pigeon or dove, understanding their nutritional needs is essential. This guide will help you learn everything about their diet in simple terms.
What Do Pigeons and Doves Eat in the Wild?
In the wild, pigeons and doves primarily feed on seeds, grains, and small insects. They are granivorous birds, meaning they rely on plant-based foods for most of their diet. Wild pigeons and doves often forage on the ground, picking up fallen seeds and grains. They also eat small berries, leaves, and even insects when necessary.
Since pigeons and doves have a high metabolism, they need to eat frequently. They search for food in open fields, urban areas, and near human settlements. Unlike predatory birds, they do not hunt for food but instead rely on available plant material. Their diet may vary depending on the season and location, but they mostly prefer grains and seeds.
What Do Pet Pigeons and Doves Eat?
If you have a pet pigeon or dove, you need to provide a well-balanced diet to keep them healthy. The best food options for pet pigeons and doves include:
- High-quality pigeon or dove seed mix
- Whole grains such as barley, millet, wheat, and oats
- Bird pellets designed for pigeons and doves
- Fresh fruits and vegetables (in moderation)
- Clean, fresh water daily
Pet pigeons and doves should not rely solely on seeds. A balanced diet with a mix of grains, fruits, and vegetables helps them stay healthy. Always ensure their food is fresh and free from mold or chemicals.
Can Pigeons and Doves Eat Fruits and Vegetables?
Yes! Pigeons and doves can eat many types of fruits and vegetables, but not all of them are safe. Adding fruits and vegetables to their diet provides important vitamins and minerals. However, some fruits and vegetables should be avoided because they can be toxic to birds.
Safe Fruits for Pigeons and Doves
Fruits are a great source of natural sugars, fiber, and what do pigeons and doves eat . Here are some safe fruits that pigeons and doves can eat:
- Apples (remove seeds)
- Bananas
- Blueberries
- Grapes
- Mangoes
- Papayas
- Pears
- Strawberries
- Watermelon (without seeds)
Always wash fruits thoroughly before feeding them to your birds. Also, remove seeds from apples and similar fruits, as some seeds contain harmful toxins.
Best Vegetables for Pigeons and Doves
Vegetables provide essential nutrients and fiber, which help in digestion. Some of the best vegetables for pigeons and doves include:
- Carrots
- Cucumber
- Green beans
- Lettuce
- Peas
- Spinach (in small amounts)
- Sweet potatoes (cooked)
- Zucchini
Avoid feeding too many leafy greens like spinach, as they contain oxalates, which can interfere with calcium absorption.
Foods to Avoid
Some foods can be harmful or even deadly for pigeons and doves. Here are foods you should never feed them:
- Avocado (toxic to birds)
- Chocolate (contains theobromine, which is poisonous)
- Caffeine (found in coffee and tea, harmful to the nervous system)
- Onions and garlic (cause digestive issues)
- Salty and processed foods (harmful for bird health)
- Apple seeds and cherry pits (contain cyanide)
Feeding the wrong food can make pigeons and doves sick, so always double-check before offering them anything new.
Do Baby Pigeons and Doves Eat the Same Food?
No, baby pigeons and doves (called squabs) have a completely different diet. When they hatch, they rely on “pigeon milk,” a nutrient-rich substance produced by their parents. This crop milk is essential for their early development.
As they grow, baby pigeons gradually transition to soft, regurgitated food provided by their parents. Around 3 to 4 weeks old, they start eating small seeds and grains. If you are hand-feeding a baby pigeon, use a special formula designed for baby birds instead of solid food.
How Often Should You Feed a Pigeon or Dove?
The feeding schedule for pigeons and doves depends on their age and activity level. Here’s a general guideline:
- Adult pigeons and doves: Feed twice a day, in the morning and evening.
- Baby pigeons (hand-fed): Feed every 3-4 hours for the first few weeks.
- Growing pigeons (4-6 weeks old): Feed three times a day until they can eat independently.
Pigeons and doves should always have access to clean water, as they need to stay hydrated. Avoid overfeeding them, as obesity can lead to health problems.
Can Pigeons and Doves Eat Rice and Bread?
Many people believe that pigeons and doves should not eat rice or bread, but the truth is more complex.
Why Is Bread Bad for Birds?
Bread is not toxic to pigeons and doves, but it has little nutritional value. If they eat too much bread, they may become malnourished. Additionally, moldy bread can cause serious health issues. If you want to offer bread, give only small amounts and choose whole-grain varieties.
Is Cooked Rice Safe for Pigeons?
Yes! Cooked rice is safe for pigeons and doves. In fact, many birds eat rice as part of their diet. However, avoid adding salt, oil, or spices to it. Uncooked rice is also safe in small amounts, but cooked rice is easier to digest.
Thoughts: What’s the Best Diet for Pigeons and Doves?
The best diet for pigeons and doves includes a mix of seeds, grains, fresh fruits, and vegetables. A balanced diet ensures they get all the nutrients they need to stay healthy. If you have a pet pigeon or dove, provide fresh water and a variety of safe foods. Avoid processed foods, too much bread, and anything toxic to birds.
The Bottom Line
Pigeons and doves thrive on a natural diet of seeds, grains, and fresh produce. Whether in the wild or as pets, they need proper nutrition to stay healthy. Offering a balanced diet, avoiding harmful foods, and feeding them at the right times will keep them happy and active. If you care for a pigeon or dove, always prioritize their well-being by choosing the right foods.
